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| mother_tongue = Potawatomi }} Minnie Evans (Potawatomi name: ''Ke-waht-no-quah Wish-Ken-O'') (October 14, 1888 – October 21, 1971) was a tribal chair of the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation who successfully defeated termination of her tribe and filed for reparations with the Indian Claims Commission during the Indian termination policy period from the 1940s to the 1960s. ==Early life== Ke-waht-no-quah Wish-Ken-O was born 14 October 1888 at Mayetta, Kansas〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=96078296 )〕 to John (1859〔 – 1901)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n514/mode/1up )〕 and Mary Ann〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GScid=2223144&GRid=63911013& )〕 (''Mnis-no-quah'') (14 October 1868〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.archives.gov/kansas-city/finding-aids/naturalization-kansas-indians.html )〕 – 1927〔–1937)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll395unit#page/n259/mode/2up )〕 Wish-ke-no and was raised with her siblings [Mabel Wishkeno Negohnsoht〔(aka Negonsett)〔 (''Pe-yaht-wat-moquah'') (1884),〔 ''N-wah-gah-quah'' Wishkeno (1887〔 – 1892/93),〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n107/mode/1up )〕 female Wishkeno (January, 1890〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n13/mode/1up )〕 - 1891-1892)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n53/mode/1up )〕 Arthur Wishkeno (''Sa-sa-wash-kuck'' or ''Kah-sah-wash-kuck'') (March, 1892〔 – 13 May 1978),〔 ''Non-ish-quah'' Wishkeno (born 1893〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n163/mode/1up )〕 – 1895/96),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n237/mode/1up )〕 ''Wab-sai'' Wishkeno (1896〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n272/mode/1up )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n361/mode/1up )〕 – 1903)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll393unit#page/n9/mode/1up )〕 and William "Willie" Wishkeno (''Chock-tuck'') (May 1899〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.org/stream/indiancensusroll392unit#page/n388/mode/1up )〕 – 23 April 1988〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mocavo.com/William-Wishkeno-California-Death-Record-Index-1940-1997/10505397246832208694 )〕) in the Mayetta community.〔 She attended the Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, where she learned to speak English and write.〔 At the time period, Haskell was an industrial boarding school, where students learned domestic skills and were punished if they spoke their native tongue. The allotment of the Prairie Potawatomi began in 1887〔 and was not completed until around 1905 due to fierce opposition by the tribe. Minnie and her siblings were all original allottees and heirs of their father's allotment, as he died during the time period when allotments were being settled.〔 Life on the reservation was fairly typical of a rural farming environment, as was described by John Henry Hauberg, Sr. an attorney, businessman and noted local historian from Rock Island, Illinois. Hauberg had a relationship with Jesse KaKaQue for a number of years, taking photographs and exchanging correspondence from 1914-1918, which is housed in the Special Collections Department at Augustana College.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.augustana.edu/SpecialCollections/nabl.html )〕 In 1916, he visited Minnie and Jesse at her allotment, because according to custom, men lived with the wife's family after marriage and his allotment was in Oklahoma. Hauberg described a tidy farm, with all buildings in use, a typical painted farmhouse with a sitting room, bed room, kitchen, photographs on the wall and a piano. He also noted that Minnie was raising about 200 chickens and that the farm "was exactly like any white man's farm".〔 As the years after World War I came to a close, the seeming prosperity which had existed, evaporated in the Great Depression. A false sense of Native American prosperity based on glowing reports and images of fancily costumed Indians, caused many to reject the dire need that developed for aid. In addition to the economic issues, Kansas was in the midst of a severe drought, known as the Dust Bowl. Temperatures topped 100 °F throughout the summer months of the mid-1930s, and in 1936 Kansas experienced the second hottest year on record. The reservation wells dried up, livestock had to be sold or given away as there was no way to hydrate them, gardens, which had been the main food source, withered. Kansas officials refused to provide welfare assistance to Native people, claiming inadequate funds, and federal programs to provide assistance to Indians were consistently delayed or blocked.〔 To survive, the Prairie Potawatomi hunted, trapped and traded goods and services with each other. The occasional surplus skins or chicks or produce might be sold in Topeka for more ammunition, but most everything that was produced was used for survival.〔 Out of these troubled times, Minnie emerged as a leader of the conservative, traditional faction. She advocated maintaining their ancient customs, rejected Christianity and forced citizenship of tribal people. She was known for being outspoken and without fear, but had the respect of many who did not agree with her because of her earnest belief in the principals for which she fought.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Minnie Evans (Potawatomi leader)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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